Sabtu, 21 Juni 2008

iTunes

iTunes is a digital media player application, introduced by Apple Inc. on January 9, 2001[2] at the Macworld Expo in San Francisco.[3] The application is used for playing and organizing digital music and video files. The program is also an interface to manage the contents on Apple's popular iPod digital media players as well as the iPhone. Additionally, iTunes can connect to the iTunes Store via the Internet to purchase and download music, music videos, television shows, iPod games, audiobooks, various podcasts, feature length films and Movie Rentals (available only in the USA, UK and Canada), and Ringtones (available only in the USA).

iTunes is available as a free download for Mac OS X, Windows Vista, and Windows XP from Apple's website. It is also bundled with all Macs, and some HP and Dell computers. Older versions are available for Mac OS 9, OS X 10.0-10.2, and Windows 2000. Although Apple does not produce iTunes for other operating systems, it can be run on the Linux operating system through Wine.[4]

TAKEN FROM WIKIPEDIA.ORG

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External Hard Drive

An external hard disk drive is a type of hard disk drive which is externally connected to a computer, and may be portable. External hard disk drives are connected to the computer using a cable which is compatible with Small Computer System Interface (SCSI), Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE), Universal Serial Bus (USB), IEEE 1394 (Firewire), CAT-3 or CAT-5 cable (Ethernet), eSATA or other bus standards.[1]

The first commercial hard disks were large and cumbersome, and were not stored within the computer itself so therefore fits within the definition external hard disk. The hard disk platters are stored within protective covers or memory units, which sits outside. These hard disks were soon evolved to be compact enough that the disks were able to be mounted into bays inside a computer.

By the end of 20th century, internal drives became the system of choice for computers running Windows, while external hard drives remained popular for much longer on the Apple Macintosh and other platforms. Every Mac made between 1986 and 1998 has a SCSI port on the back, making external expansion easy; also, "toaster" Macs did not have easily accessible hard drive bays (or, in the case of the Mac Plus, any hard drive bay at all), so on those models, external SCSI disks were the only reasonable option. These external drives, like the Apple ProFile are in no way as portable nor as compact as the modern ones for commercial use.[2] [3] [4]

After the Internet has been introduced, more information and files needs to be stored than ever before, and more back-ups be made due to threats such as viruses. Once again, external hard drives are popular among users of all platforms.[5]


Presently, the market for external hard disks are aimed towards portability, as well as a higher amount of memory. Currently the commercial external hard disks of the highest capacity are usually found at 1 TB or 1.5 TB from manufacturers such as Hitachi, SimpleTech, Western Digital, Seagate, CMS, Maxtor and LaCie



taken from wikipedia.org

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Hard Drive

A hard disk drive (HDD), commonly referred to as a hard drive, hard disk, or fixed disk drive,[1] is a non-volatile storage device which stores digitally encoded data on rapidly rotating platters with magnetic surfaces. Strictly speaking, "drive" refers to a device distinct from its medium, such as a tape drive and its tape, or a floppy disk drive and its floppy disk. Early HDDs had removable media; however, an HDD today is typically a sealed unit (except for a filtered vent hole to equalize air pressure) with fixed media.[2]

A HDD is a rigid-disk drive, although it is probably never referred to as such. By way of comparison, a so-called "floppy" drive (more formally, a diskette drive) has a disc that is flexible. Originally, the term "hard" was temporary slang, substituting "hard" for "rigid", before these drives had an established and universally-agreed-upon name. Some time ago, IBM's internal company term for an HDD was "file".[citation needed]

HDDs (introduced in 1956 as data storage for an IBM accounting computer[3]) were originally developed for use with general purpose computers; see History of hard disk drives.

In the 21st century, applications for HDDs have expanded to include digital video recorders, digital audio players, personal digital assistants, digital cameras and video game consoles. In 2005 the first mobile phones to include HDDs were introduced by Samsung and Nokia.[4] The need for large-scale, reliable storage, independent of a particular device, led to the introduction of configurations such as RAID arrays, network attached storage (NAS) systems and storage area network (SAN) systems that provide efficient and reliable access to large volumes of data. Note that although not immediately recognizable as a computer, all the aforementioned applications are actually embedded computing devices of some sort.



taken from wikipedia.org

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Fatigue

Fatigue (also called exhaustion, languidness, lassitude, or listlessness) is a weariness caused by exertion. It can describe a range of afflictions, varying from a general state of lethargy to a specific work-induced burning sensation within one's muscles. It can be both physical and mental. Physical fatigue is the inability to continue functioning at the level of one's normal abilities.[1][2][3] It is ubiquitous in everyday life, but usually becomes particularly noticeable during heavy exercise. Mental fatigue, on the other hand, rather manifests in somnolence.

taken from wikipedia.org
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digital camera

A digital camera is a camera that takes video or still photographs, or both, digitally by recording images on a light-sensitive sensor.

Many compact digital still cameras can record sound and moving video as well as still photographs. In the Western market, digital cameras outsell their 35 mm film counterparts.[1]

Digital cameras can include features that are not found in film cameras, such as displaying an image on the camera's screen immediately after it is recorded, the capacity to take thousands of images on a single small memory device, the ability to record video with sound, the ability to edit images, and deletion of images allowing re-use of the storage they occupied.

Digital cameras are incorporated into many devices ranging from PDAs and mobile phones (called camera phones) to vehicles. The Hubble Space Telescope and other astronomical devices are essentially specialised digital cameras.



TAKEN FROM WIKIPEDIA.ORG

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Flash Memory

Flash memory is non-volatile computer memory that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. It is a technology that is primarily used in memory cards and USB flash drives for general storage and transfer of data between computers and other digital products. It is a specific type of EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) that is erased and programmed in large blocks; in early flash the entire chip had to be erased at once. Flash memory costs far less than byte-programmable EEPROM and therefore has become the dominant technology wherever a significant amount of non-volatile, solid-state storage is needed. Example applications include PDAs (personal digital assistants), laptop computers, digital audio players, digital cameras and mobile phones. It has also gained popularity in the game console market, where it is often used instead of EEPROMs or battery-powered SRAM for game save data.

Flash memory is non-volatile, which means that no power is needed to maintain the information stored in the chip. In addition, flash memory offers fast read access times (although not as fast as volatile DRAM memory used for main memory in PCs) and better kinetic shock resistance than hard disks. These characteristics explain the popularity of flash memory in portable devices. Another feature of flash memory is that when packaged in a "memory card," it is enormously durable, being able to withstand intense pressure, extremes of temperature, and even immersion in water.

Although technically a type of EEPROM, the term "EEPROM" is generally used to refer specifically to non-flash EEPROM which is erasable in small blocks, typically bytes. Because erase cycles are slow, the large block sizes used in flash memory erasing give it a significant speed advantage over old-style EEPROM when writing large amounts of data.



taken from wikipedia.org

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USB STORAGE

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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The USB mass storage device class or USB MSC or UMS is a set of computing communications protocols defined by the USB Implementers Forum that run on the Universal Serial Bus. The standard provides an interface to a variety of storage devices.

A USB flash drive like this one, will typically implement the USB mass storage device class.
A USB flash drive like this one, will typically implement the USB mass storage device class.

Some of the devices which are connected to computers via this standard are:

Devices which support this standard are referred to as MSC (Mass Storage Class) devices. While MSC is the official acronym, UMS (Universal Mass Storage) has become common as an online jargon.

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